Performance of Unreinforced Hollow-Block Masonry Houses During 23 August 2017 Ranya Earthquake

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v6n1y2022.pp84-93

Keywords:

Unreinforced Masonry Houses, Earthquake Damages, Hollow-Concrete Block, Seismic Performance, Ranya Earthquake.

Abstract

The earthquake in Ranya City took place at local time 16:42 (GMT+3) on August 23rd 2017, with a magnitude of 5.3 Richter scale in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The earthquake with an approximate duration of 5 seconds occurred near Lake Dokan with a depth of 10 km below the surface of the earth. It caused a lot of damages to the structures in the region. The most vulnerable buildings were unreinforced hollow-block masonry houses which are composed of hollow-concrete blocks. This paper discusses the performance of unreinforced masonry houses of Ranya City with illustrative photos taken during on-site investigation for a number of damaged houses subjected to seismic actions. The main structural deficiencies that caused the wall cracks were highlighted, such as; very low tensile and shear resistance of the walls, large openings and their positioning, weak mortar and binding between the masonry units, existing weak joints between the crossing walls.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Hawkar A. Haji, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Hawkar Haji: works at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

  • Najmadeen M. Saeed, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Asst. Prof. Dr. Najmadeen Mohammed Saeed

    PhD Civil Engineering\ Structures School of Engineering United Kingdom 2015-04-22 Master Building Construction Engineering\ Structures College of Engineering/ Building Construction Department Kurdistan Region/ Iraq 2010-04-20 Bachelor Building Construction Engineering College of Engineering/ Building Construction Department Kurdistan Region/ Iraq 2002-07-04
  • Brwa H. Salihi, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Brwa Salihi: works at the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

  • Araz A. Hamza, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Araz Hamza: works at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

References

Avila, L., Vasconcelos, G., Lourenço, P. B., Mendes, N., Alves, P., and Costa, A. C. (2012). Seismic response analysis of concrete block masonry buildings: An experimental study using shaking table. Paper presented at the 15 World Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
Bruneau, M. (1994). State-of-the-art report on seismic performance of unreinforced masonry buildings. Journal of structural engineering, 120(1), 230-251. URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:1(230)
Decanini, L., De Sortis, A., Goretti, A., Langenbach, R., Mollaioli, F., and Rasulo, A. (2004). Performance of masonry buildings during the 2002 Molise, Italy, earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 20(1_suppl), 191-220. URL: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1765106.
Doğangün, A., Ural, A., and Livaoğlu, R. (2008). Seismic performance of masonry buildings during recent earthquakes in Turkey. Paper presented at the The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering October, Beijing, China.
Earthquake-Report. (2018). Dangerous earthquake at the Iran-Iraq Border Region - August 23, 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2021 from URL: https://earthquake-report.com/2017/08/23/moderate-earthquake-iran-iraq-border-region-on-august-23-2017/
Erbay, O. O. (2004). A methodology to assess seismic risk for populations of unreinforced masonry buildings: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Ibrahim, R. K., Zebari, H. N., and Abdulkareem, H. A. (2016). Potential of Energy Conservation in Residential Building Regulations–Kurdistan, Iraq. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34, 506-513. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.044.
Iraqi-Standard-Specification. (1987). ISS No. 1077, Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units.
Khadka, S. S. (2013). Seismic performance of traditional unreinforced masonry building in Nepal. Kathmandu University Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 15-28.
Korkmaz, H. H., Korkmaz, S. Z., and Donduren, M. S. (2010). Earthquake hazard and damage on traditional rural structures in Turkey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10(3), 605-622. URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-605-2010,.
Magenes, G. (2006). Masonry building design in seismic areas: recent experiences and prospects from a European standpoint. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland.
Mardani, A., Dehkordi, M. R., Moghadam, A. S., and Yekrangnia, M. (2019). Example of a Two-Story Unreinforced Masonry Building Retrofitted by Shotcrete☆. Adv. Des. Examples Seism. Retrofit Struct., Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK, 13-118.
Pindoria, K., Patel, D. B., and Patel, D. B. (2001). Repair and strengthening guide for earthquake damaged low-rise domestic buildings in Gujarat, India. Retrieved from
Rostam, D., Ali, T., and Atrushi, D. (2016). Economical and structural feasibility of concrete cellular and solid blocks in Kurdistan region. ARO, The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 4(1), 1-7. URL: http://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10113.
Saatcioglu, M., Ghobarah, A., and Nistor, I. (2005). Reconnaissance report on the December 26, 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Report The Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering. URL: http://caee.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/caee-sumatra-report.pdf.
Siram, K. K. B. (2012). Cellular light-weight concrete blocks as a replacement of burnt clay bricks. Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol (IJEAT), 2(2), 149-151.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): ISSUE 10

Section

Research Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

How to Cite

Performance of Unreinforced Hollow-Block Masonry Houses During 23 August 2017 Ranya Earthquake. (2022). UKH Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v6n1y2022.pp84-93