A Review of Nader Khalili Shelter Design Thoughts from the Sustainability
Keywords:
Modernism, Nader Khalili, Traditional Designing, Housing, SandbagAbstract
Contemporary architecture exists in Nader Khalili’s creative designs, including house designs in the USA and Iran, combined with the traditional architecture of Iran. His designs are founded on four characteristics, first is the inspiration from nature, and the other three focuses on low-cost, self-help, and eco-friendliness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate his architectural thinking and the design process that leads to a rapid and sustainable shelter. In addition, this shelter can be built-in critical conditions or can be long-lasting in any crucial situation. The methodology used in this study is analytical based on qualitative and quantitative approach. The method, which is used to collect the data, is based on literature review and observation. The study concludes that Khalili’s designs are reasonable at low prices and quickly built and sustainable.
Downloads
References
Burrell, G. (1988). Modernism, Post Modernism and Organizational Analysis 2: The Contribution of Michel Foucault. Organization Studies, 9(2), 221-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068800900205
Bustelo, J. A. (2013). La Casa Con Patio En Mies Van Der Rohe. Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, 8(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2013.i8.03.
Candelaria, S. L., Shao, Y., Zhou, W., Li, X., Xiao, J., Zhang, J. G., Wang, Y., et al. (2012). Nanostructured carbon for energy storage and conversion. Nano Energy, 1(2), 195-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2011.11.006.
Cal-Earth Institute (1992). Sandbag shelter prototypes: Various locations worldwide. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Hesperia, United States. URL: https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2019/05/Sandbag%20Shelters%20-%20Iran.pdf.
Cervilla, A. (2018). The evolution of the image of structure in the houses of Mies van der Rohe. ZARCH. (11), 122–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2018113211.
Esteban-Maluenda, A., Carrasco, L. S. & Moreno, L. S. P. (2020). Architext mining: Applying text analytics to research on modern architecture. Zivot Umjetnosti, 105(2), 158-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31664/ZU.2019.105.07.
Fayos, J. S., Sevilla, L. L. & Requejo, Z. G. (2018). Relationships between architecture and structure: Structural Architecture in the work of Mies van der Rohe. ZARCH, (11), 78-93. URL: https://www.academia.edu/38166901/Relationships_between_Architecture_and_Structure_Structural_Architecture_in_the_work_of_Mies_van_der_Rohe.
Flórez de la Colina, M. A. (2004). Smart houses, towards a definition. Informes de La Construcción, 56(494), 11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.2004.v56.i494.444.
Folke, C., Pritchard, L., Berkes, F., Colding, J. & Svedin, U. (2007). The problem of fit between ecosystems and institutions: Ten years later. Ecology and Society, 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02064-120130.
Gaston, K. J. (2003). The Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges. Oxford and New York: Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution.
Gobbens, R. J., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T. & Schols, J. M. (2010). Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older people. Nursing Outlook, 58(2), 76-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2009.09.005.
Hart, K. (2008). A Short History of Earthbag Building. URL: http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/articles/earthbaghistory.htm.
Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space. Cambridge Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511597237.
Hinning, J. P., & Saad, D. (2015). Bioconstruções: superadobe como vetor da sustentabilidade. Revista Monografias Ambientais, 14, 66–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/2236130818738.
Islam, S. M. R., Kwak, D., Kabir, M. H., Hossain, M. & Kwak, K. S. (2015). The internet of things for health care: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 3, 678-708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2437951.
Jiang, C., Moniz, S. J. A., Wang, A., Zhang, T. & Tang, J. (2017). Photoelectrochemical devices for solar water splitting-materials and challenges. Chemical Society Reviews, 46, 4645-4660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00306k.
Kamal, R. & Rahman, M. S. (April 2018). A study on feasibility of super adobe technology -an energy efficient building system using natural resources in Bangladesh. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/143/1/012043.
Kang, J., Martinez, C. M. J. & Johnson, C. (2021). Minimalism as a sustainable lifestyle: Its behavioral representations and contributions to emotional well-being. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 802-813. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.02.001.
Khalili, N. (2011). Emergency sandbag shelter and eco-village. Hesperia, CA: Cal-Earth Press.
Krier, R. (1983). Elements of Architecture. London: ACADEMY GROUP LTD. URL: https://robkrier.de/elements-of-architecture.php#page-001.
Lyubomksky, S., Sheldon, K. M. & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111.
Mitchell, R.B. (2003). Young, O. R., The Institutional Dimensions of Environmental Change: Fit, Interplay, and Scale. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 3, 191–194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024850005580.
Nia, H. A. & Rahbarianyazd, R. (2020). Aesthetics of Modern Architecture: A Semiological Survey on the Aesthetic Contribution of Modern Architecture. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(2), 66 - 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080204.
Sarmiento, J. P., Sandoval, V. & Jerath, M. (2020). The influence of land tenure and dwelling occupancy on disaster risk reduction. The case of eight informal settlements in six Latin American and Caribbean countries. Progress in Disaster Science, 5, 100054. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100054.
Sobin, H. J. & Olgyay, V. (1963). Design with Climate: Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism. Journal of Architectural Education (1947-1974), 18(3), 43-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1424217.
Sykes, J. F. J. (1900). Definition of “House”. Public Health, 12(6), 482–483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(00)80334-0.
Young, O. R. (2002). The Institutional Dimensions of Environmental Change: Fit, Interplay, and Scale. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).