The Effects of Globalization on the Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v2n1y2018.pp25-40Keywords:
Environment, Globalization, International Migration, International Political Economy, International RelationsAbstract
In multiple standard OLS regression models, we test the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the ‘four freedoms’ of goods, capital, labour and services, on the following indicators of sustainable development: avoiding net trade of ecological footprint gha per person, Carbon emissions per million US dollars GDP, CO2 per capita, Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Global footprint per capita, Happy Life Years, Happy Planet Index, and ln (number of people per mill inhabitants 1980-2000 killed by natural disasters per year+1). Our research shows that the apprehensions of quantitative globalization critical research are fully vindicated by the significant negative environmental effects of the foreign savings rate. High foreign savings are indeed a driver of global footprint, and are a blockade against a satisfactory Happy Planet Index performance. The New International Division of Labour (NIDL)-model (Froebel et al., 1980) is one of the prime drivers of high CO2 per capita emissions. MNC penetration, the master variable of most quantitative dependency theories, blocks environmental performance (EPI-Index) and several other socially important processes. Worker remittances have a significant positive effect on the Happy Planet Index, and Happy Life Years.
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References
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Economics Research.
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Heshmati, A., & Lee, S. C. (2010). The relationship between globalization, economic growth and income inequality. Journal of Globalization Studies (Moscow), 1(2), 87-117.
Heshmati, A., & Oh, J. E. (2006). Alternative composite lisbon development strategy indices: A comparison of EU, USA, Japan and Korea. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 3(2), 133-170.
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Jorgenson, A. K. (2004a). Uneven processes and environmental degradation in the world-economy. Human Ecology Review, 11(2), 103-117.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2004b). Global inequality, water pollution, and infant mortality. The Social Science Journal, 41(2), 279-288.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2005). Unpacking international power and the ecological footprints of nations: A quantitative cross-national study. Sociological Perspectives, 48(3), 383-402.
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Jorgenson, A. K. (2006b). Unequal ecological exchange and environmental degradation: A theoretical proposition and cross-national study of deforestation, 1990-2000. Rural Sociology, 71(4), 685-712.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2007a). Does foreign investment harm the air we breathe and the water we drink? A cross-national study of carbon dioxide emissions and organic water pollution in less-developed countries, 1975 to 2000. Organization and Environment, 20(2), 135-157.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2007b). Foreign direct investment and pesticide use intensity in less-developed countries: A quantitative investigation. Society and Natural Resources, 20(1), 73-83.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2008). Structural integration and the trees: An analysis of deforestation in less-developed countries, 1990-2005. The Sociological Quarterly, 49(3), 503-527.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2009a). The sociology of unequal exchange in ecological context: A panel study of lower-income countries, 1975-2000. Sociological Forum, 24(1), 22-46.
Jorgenson, A. K. (200b). The transnational organization of production, the scale of degradation, and ecoefficiency: A study of carbon dioxide emissions in less-developed countries. Human Ecology
Review, 16(1), 64-74.
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The Effects of Globalization on the Environment. (2018). UKH Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v2n1y2018.pp25-40
