The The European Court of Human Rights’ Approach in the Protection of Rights of Religious Minority Groups

Authors

  • Chemen Bajalan Chemen Bajalan: is Attorney General and  the Public Prosecutor, KRG Ministry of Justice, Sualiamaniah, Kurdistan Region- F. R. Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n2y2020.pp28-41

Keywords:

ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights), ECtHR (European Court of Human Rights), Minorities, Religion, Manifestation of Beliefs, Minorities’ identity, Minorities’ Children’s Education

Abstract

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is reluctant to distinguish the group right qua group. However, it is impossible to ignore the group dimension in the right to freedom of religion. Such a dimension is clearer in the manifestation of beliefs, which require more common practices than mere beliefs. The Court's decisions when dealing with the freedom of religion tend to be inconsistent because it considers the unique social and political situation of each member state. This limits the scope of the right to freedom of religion and the range of protection of a group's religious rights. Using a literature review and analyzing the case law, this paper highlights the inconsistencies in the Court’s decisions in relation to acknowledging minorities’ religious rights.

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Author Biography

  • Chemen Bajalan, Chemen Bajalan: is Attorney General and  the Public Prosecutor, KRG Ministry of Justice, Sualiamaniah, Kurdistan Region- F. R. Iraq

    Chemen Bajalan has LLM in Human Rights from Queen's University, Belfast (2008). She completed her BA degree in Law, Baghdad University (1992). She has participated in various training programs on: gender, development, law, human rights, conflicts, peace building, trauma healing, restorative justice, education, psychology, sociology, Anfal campaigns, and fighting corruption organized by different international agencies. Her work experience includes management of program on rural rehabilitation, as investigator in the courts and attorney general (2002-present). Her research and publications are in the areas of: minorities language rights, protection of the right of religious minorities, accountability and justice, the rights of indigenous peoples, the scope of using ECHR articles, and formal and substantive equality.

References

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Books
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Law Cases
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Karadoman v. Turkey, E. Comm'n H.R., D.R. 74(93), 3 May 1993.

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Kottinen v. Finland, (App. No 24949/94), 3 December 1996.

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Serif v. Greece, 38178/97, European Court of Human Rights (Second Section), 14 December 1999.

Stedman v. United Kingdom, (App. No 29107/95), 9 April 1997.

Supreme Holy Council of Muslim Community v. Bulgaria, (App. No 39023/97), 13 December 2001.

United Christian Broad. Ltd. v. United Kingdom, (App. No 44802/98), European Court on Human Rights (Third Section), 7 November 2000.

X v. Austria, (App. No 8652/79), 26 E. Comm's H. R. 86, December 1981.

X v. Germany, (App. No 8741/79), E. Comm'n H.R., December 1918.

X v. the United Kingdom, (App. No 7291/75), E. Comm'n H.R., December 1977.

X and Church of Scientology v. Sweden, (App. 7805/77), 16 E. Comm'n H.R Dec. and Rep. 68, 1979.

97 members of the Gldani Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses and 4 others v. Georgia, (App. No 71156/01), 3 May 2007.

Laws

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 entered into force in 1953.
Reports

Factsheet freedom of religion. Available at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Freedom_religion_ENG.pdf#targetText=Everyone%20has%20the%20right%20to,%2C%20teaching%2C%20practice%20and%20observance last accessed on 12 September 2019.

General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) :. 30/07/93.
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)

Overview of the Court’s case-law on freedom of religion, Council of Europe/European Court of Human Rights, 19 January 2011 and updated on 31 October 2013. Available at: http://www.echr.coe.int.

United Nation General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief 23 December 2015, A/HRC/31/18.

Equal rights trust (1993). https://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/general%20comment%2022.pdf.

Published

2020-12-26

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

The The European Court of Human Rights’ Approach in the Protection of Rights of Religious Minority Groups. (2020). UKH Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n2y2020.pp28-41

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