Class Size and Student Achievement
A Parametric Paired t Test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v2n1y2018.pp19-24Keywords:
Class size, Higher education, Paired t test, Student achievment, UniversityAbstract
The change from elite to mass higher education has arguably heightened pressure on HE in many countries. Therefore the relevance of class size with regard to student achievement and quality assurance has become such a topical issue. Thus, this study employs a quantitative method by way of a parametric paired t test to investigate the effect of splitting a large class into smaller groups in two successive semesters at an anonymous university. The identity of the university has not been revealed as per prior arrangement with the administration. The data on the students’ performance in the two semesters is analysed and it is established that there is a positive relationship between class size and student achievement, even though it does not establish specifically how small is best. The paper begins with an introduction, discusses the methodology, then delves into the data and finally ends with some discussion and conclusion.
Downloads
References
BIGGS, J., 1998. Learning from the Confucian heritage: So size doesn’t matter? International Journal of Educational Research, 29(8), pp.723-738.
BLATCHFORD, P., 2003. Class Size Debate: Is Small Better? Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing.
BONESRONNING, H., 2003. Class size effects on student achievement in Norway: Patterns and explanations. Southern Economic Journal, 69(4), pp. 952-965.
BORLAND, M. V., HOWSEN, R. M., & TRAWICK, M. W., 2005. An investigation of the effect of class size on student academic achievement. Education Economics, 13(1), pp.73-83.
CHAPMAN, L., & LUDLOW, L., 2010. Can Downsizing College Class Sizes Augment Student Outcomes?: An Investigation of the Effects of Class Size on Student Learning. The Journal of General Education, 59(2), pp.105-123.
CECI, S.J. & KONSTANTOPOULOS, S., 2009. It’s Not All about Class Size. Chronicle of Higher Education, 55(21), pA30.
EHRENBERG, R. G., BREWER, D. J., GAMORAN, A. & WILLMS, J. D., 2001. Class size and student achievement. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2(1), pp. 1-30.
GLADWELL, MALCOLM (2013). David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
JOHNSON, I. Y., 2010. Class Size and Student Performance at a Public Research University: A Cross-Classified Model. Research in Higher Education, 51(8), pp.701-723.
KOKKELENBER, E. C., DILLON, M. & CHRISTY, S. M., 2008. The effects of class size on student grades at a public university. Economics of Education Review, 27(2), pp.221-233.
MANDEL, P., & SUSSMUTH, B., 2011. Size matters: The relevance and Hicksian surplus of preferred college class size. Economics of Education Review, 30(5), pp. 1073–1084.
MARINGE, F. & SING, N., 2014. Teaching Large Classes in an Increasingly Internationalising Higher Education Environment: Pedagogical, Quality and Equity Issues. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 67(6), pp.761–782.
MCDONALD, G., 2013. Does size matter? The impact of student–staff ratios. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(6), pp. 652-667.
ROSNER, B., 1982. A generalization of the paired t-test. Applied Statistics, 31(1), pp.9-13.
Rotherham, A.J., 2011. When It Comes To Class Size, Smaller Isn’t Always Better. Time, [online]. 03 March. Available at:http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2056571,00.html [Accessed May 28, 2015].
TOTH, L. S. & MONTAGNA, L.G., 2002. Class size and achievement in higher education: a summary of current research. College Student Journal, 36 (2), pp.253-261.
TSENG, H., 2010. Has the student performance in managerial economics been affected by the class size of principles of microeconomics? Journal of Economics and Economic Education Research, 11(3), pp.15-27.
WESTERLUND, J., 2008. Class size and student evaluations in Sweden. Education Economics, 16(1), pp.19–28.
YANG, L. & TSIATIS, A.A., 2001. Efficiency study of estimators for a treatment effect in a pretest-posttest trial. The American Statistician, 55(4), pp.314-321.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).